DESIGNING SCALABLE INTEGRATED BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR LARGE-SCALE VENUES: A SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The evolution of large-scale venues—such as airports, stadiums, commercial complexes, and industrial campuses—has created a growing need for advanced, scalable, and integrable Building Management Systems (BMS). Legacy systems, often siloed and proprietary, struggle to meet modern demands for real-time operations, data-driven control, and cross-domain interoperability.

This paper proposes a scalable Integrated Building Management System (IBMS) architecture based on a modular, service-oriented framework. The system adopts a layered abstraction approach comprising the field, control, supervisory, and enterprise layers, and integrates edge computing, microservices, and cloud-native orchestration for optimized performance and flexibility. A middleware communication bus ensures protocol interoperability across standards such as BACnet/IP, Modbus TCP, KNX, and MQTT.

The proposed architecture incorporates a comprehensive technology stack—including sensors, PLCs, SCADA, IoT gateways, and AI-driven analytics—to enable intelligent and adaptive operations. A case study conducted at a Tier-1 international airport demonstrates the system’s effectiveness in achieving dynamic load balancing, fault tolerance, and predictive maintenance. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as latency, throughput, energy consumption, and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) are analyzed under varied operational conditions. 

Further, the paper explores cybersecurity, data governance, and digital twins, aligning with ISO 16484 and IEC 62443. Future directions include federated learning, self-healing networks, and semantic ontologies. The proposed architecture offers a blueprint for resilient, future-ready IBMS in complex smart infrastructure environments.