Computer-Aided Design and Analysis of Vertical Axis Wind Turbines for Low-Cost Energy Solutions

Abstract

The increasing global demand for renewable energy sources has intensified research on wind energy technologies, especially Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs), which offer several advantages for small-scale and lowcost energy generation. Unlike traditional Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), VAWTs have a simpler design, are omnidirectional, and can operate efficiently in turbulent and urban wind conditions. This study focuses on the computeraided design (CAD) and computational analysis of VAWTs aimed at optimizing performance while maintaining low manufacturing costs. Using CAD software, multiple VAWT blade geometries were designed, including Darrieus and Savonius types, with modifications to blade curvature and aspect ratios. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to analyze aerodynamic performance, including torque generation, power coefficient, and starting behavior under various wind speeds. The simulations employed the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ε turbulence model to predict flow fields and aerodynamic forces. Results show that hybrid Savonius-Darrieus configurations outperform traditional designs in terms of starting torque and overall efficiency at low wind speeds, which are common in urban environments. Parametric studies indicate that blade profile and rotor aspect ratio critically influence turbine performance and structural stability. Furthermore, manufacturing cost analyses suggest that additive manufacturing techniques and locally available materials can substantially reduce production expenses without compromising structural integrity. This work highlights the potential of CAD and CFD tools to facilitate the rapid design and optimization of VAWTs for decentralized energy applications, particularly in developing regions. The findings encourage further experimental validation and development of scalable manufacturing methods to promote widespread adoption of low-cost wind energy solutions.